Rules of Neutrality

Although neutrals and belligerents often disagree regarding their interpretation, the rules of neutrality are based on the assumptions that a neutral state will show impartiality to all belligerents, and that belligerents will respect the sovereignty of neutral states. Throughout a war, neutral states continue diplomatic intercourse with all belligerent states. A neutral state may not give armed assistance to any belligerent, or lend money, or permit its territory to become a base for hostile operations. It is expected to confine belligerent troops and aircraft that enter its jurisdiction.

Neutral governments may not protect their citizens from the penalties of committing unneutral acts. Belligerents have the right to stop and search neutral vessels and to capture them if there is evidence that they are carrying contraband to the enemy, breaking a blockade, or engaging in unneutral service. A belligerent may also proclaim a blockade of enemy ports and may capture neutral ships that are trying to leave or enter blockaded ports.