5.3.2 Megaureter
According to the official international classification, megaureters are subdivided into primary and secondary, obstructive and/or refluxive and non-refluxive, non-obstructive. Treatment of the refluxive megaureter is dealt with in the section on vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The diagnostic evaluation is the same as in unilateral hydronephrosis. The degree of obstruction and the split renal function is determined by renal scintigraphy and IVU.
In view of equivalent results of surveillance, surgical intervention based only on the excretory urogram is now rare. With spontaneous remission rates of up to 85% in primary obstructive megaureters, high drainage by means of Sober's or ring-ureterocutaneostomy is no longer justified.
Operative ureterocystoneostomy according to Cohen, Politano-Leadbetter or the Psoas-Hitch-technique can be considered as an operative measure. Indications for surgical treatment of megaureter are recurrent infections under prophylactic antibiotic medication, deterioration of split renal function, reflux persisting for more than 1 year under prophylaxis and significant obstruction.
- 1. Phimosis
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Diagnosis
- 1.3 Treatment
- 1.4 References
- 2.2 Diagnosis
- 2.3 Treatment
- V Therapy
- 3.3 Treatment
- 3.3.1 Complications
- Tube-onlay
- 15. Duckett jw.
- 4.2 Classification
- 4.2.1 Enuresis
- 4.2.2 Urinary incontinence
- 4.3 Diagnosis
- 4.4 Treatment
- 4.4.1 Nocturnal enuresis (mono-symptomatic)
- 4.4.2 Diurnal enuresis (in children with attention disorders)
- 4.4.3 Urinary incontinence
- 4.4 References
- 14. Madersbacher h, Schultz-Lampel d.
- 5.2.2 Voiding cystourethrography (vcug)
- 5.2.3 Diuresis renography
- 5.2.4 Static renal scintigraphy
- 5.2.5 Intravenous urogram (ivu)
- 5.2.6 Whitaker's test
- 5.3 Treatment
- 5.3.2 Megaureter
- 5.3.3 Ureterocele
- 5.3.4 Retrocaval ureter
- 5.3.5 Bilateral hydronephrosis
- 5.4 References
- 6.3 Treatment
- 6.3.1 Asymptomatic bacteriuria
- 6.3.2 Acute uti without pyelonephritis
- 6.3.3 Pyelonephritis
- 6.3.4 Complicated uti
- 6.3.5 Antibiotic prophylaxis
- 6.4 References
- 7.7.1 Secondary reflux
- 7.2 Classification
- 7.3 Diagnosis
- 7.3.1 Secondary reflux
- 7.4 Treatment
- 7.4.1 Conservative therapy
- 7.4.2 Surgical therapy
- 7.4.3 Endoscopic therapy
- 7.4.4 Open surgery
- 7.4.5 Follow-up
- 7.5 References
- 32. McGladdery sl, Aparicio s, Verrier Jones k, Roberts r, Sacks sh.
- 8.2 Diagnosis
- 8.3 Treatment
- 8.3.1 Conservative treatment
- 8.3.2 Metaphylaxis of paediatric nephrolithiasis
- 8.4 References
- 1. Brandle e, Hautmann r.
- 2. Brandle e, Hautmann r.
- 6. Diamond da, Rickwood am, Lee ph, Johnston jh.
- 19. Kovacevic l, Kovacevic s, Smoljanic z, Peco-Antic a, Kostic n, Gajic m, Kovacevic n, Jovanovic o.
- 20. Kroovand rl.
- 24. Minevich e, Rousseau mb, Wacksman j, Lewis ag, Sheldon ca.
- 9.2 Classification
- 9.2.1 Ectopic ureterocele
- 9.2.2 Orthotopic ureterocele
- 9.2.3 Caecoureterocele
- 9.3 Diagnosis
- 9.3.1 Ureterocele
- 9.3.2 Ectopic ureter
- 9.4 Treatment
- 9.4.1 Ureterocele
- 9.4.2 Ectopic ureter
- 10.2 Classification
- VI. Miscellaneous (? Dysgenetic testes ? teratogenic factors)
- 10.3.2 Late diagnosis and management
- 10.4 Treatment
- 10.4.1 Genitoplasty
- 10.4.2 Indications for the removal of gonads
- 10.5 References
- 11.1.4 Video-urodynamic evaluation
- 11.1.5 Urethral pressure profile (sphincterometry)
- 11.1.6 Electromyography (emg) of the external sphincter
- 11.2 References
- 22. Starr nt.
- 23. Wan j, Greenfield s.
- 26. Zermann dh, Lindner h, Huschke t, Schubert j.
- 12 Abbreviations used in the text