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PAEDIATRIC UROLOGY

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8. PAEDIATRIC NEPHROLITHIASIS

8.1 BACKGROUND

Stone disease in children is uncommon and stone formation is often associated with metabolic disorders, chro­nic infections and/or morphological anomalies of the urinary tract. Recurrence rate is only high in cases of metabolic disorders and may be the initial manifestation of a congenital and subsequently chronic disease. It is important to realize that stone formation is not a disease in itself, but a consequence of an underlying disorder. Treatment of paediatric nephrolithiasis must therefore comprise a strategy to clear the actual stone burden reliably, diagnose and, ideally, eliminate the underlying pathology. Effective measures should be taken to prevent recurrent disease.