4.2.2 Urinary incontinence

This is defined as the involuntary loss of urine, objectively demonstrable and constituting a social or hygienic problem. It denotes a symptom (patient's recognition of involuntary urine loss), a sign (the objective demonstration of urine loss) and a condition (the urodynamic demonstration of urine loss). Day-time, night-time or both day- and night-time incontinence may be encountered. Urinary incontinence is classified according to aetiology:

Incontinence associated with anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract

Ectopic ureter, ureterocele, prune-belly syndrome, bladder exstrophy, epispadias, posterior urethral valves and

cloacal abnormalities.

Incontinence associated with neurogenic disorder

Spinal dysraphism, caudal regression condition and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

Functional incontinence in non-neuropathic bladder sphincter dysfunction (urge syndrome and dysfunctional

voiding)

Often associated with recurrent UTIs and occur predominantly in girls.