11.2 References
1. Agarwal SK, McLorie GA, Grewal D, Joyner BD, Bagli DJ, Khoury AE.
Urodynamic correlates of resolution of reflux in meningomyelocele patients. J Urol 1997; 158: 580-582.
2. Bomalaski MD, Bloom DA.
Urodynamics and massive vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol 1997; 158: 1236-1238.
3. Chandra M.
Nocturnal enuresis in children. CurrOpin Pediatr 1998; 10: 167-173.
4. Cisternino A, Passerini Glazel G.
Bladder dysfunction in children. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 1995; 173: 25-28; discussion 29.
5. Combs AJ, Horowitz M.
A new technique for assessing detrusor leak point pressure in patients with spina bifida. J Urol 1996; 156: 757-760.
6. Dahms SE, Schulz-Lampel D, Thiiroff JW.
Leitlinie zur Urodynamik in der Kinderurologie. Urologe A 1998; 37: 574-575.
7. Ewalt DH, Bauer SB.
Pediatric neurourology. Urol Clin North Am 1996; 23: 501-509.
8. Hoebeke P, Raes A, Vande Walle J, Van Laecke E.
Urodynamics in children: what and how to do it? Acta Urol Belg 1998; 66: 23-30.
9. Hoebeke P, Vande Walle J, Everaert K, Van Laecke E, Van Gool JD.
Assessment of lower urinary tract dysfunction in children with non- neuropathic bladder sphincter dysfunction. Eur Urol 1999; 35: 57-69.
10. Hoekx L, Wyndaele JJ, Vermandel A.
The role of bladder biofeedback in the treatment of children with refractory nocturnal enuresis associated with idiopathic detrusor instability and small bladder capacity. J Urol 1998; 160: 858-860.
11. Holmdahl G, Sillen U, Bachelard M, Hansson E, Hermansson G, Hjalmas K.
The changing urodynamic pattern in valve bladders during infancy. J Urol 1995; 153: 463-467.
12. Jorgensen JB, Jensen KM.
Uroflowmetry. Urol Clin North Am 1996; 23: 237-242.
13. Kaefer M, Rosen A, Darbey M, Kelly M, Bauer SB.
Pressure at residual volume: a useful adjunct to standard fill cystometry. J Urol 1997; 158: 1268-1271.
14. Kaplinsky R, Greenfield S, Wan J, Fera M.
Expanded followup of intravesical oxybutynin chloride use in children with neurogenic bladder. J Urol 1996; 156: 753-756.
Kjolseth D, Madsen B, Knudsen LM, Norgaard JP, Djurhuus JC. Biofeedback treatment of children and adults with idiopathic detrusor instability. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1994; 28: 243-247.
Nijman RJ.
Pitfalls in urodynamic investigations in children. Acta Urol Belg 1995; 63: 99-103.
17. Norgaard JP.
Technical aspects of assessing bladder function in children. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 1995; 173: 43-46; discussion 46-47.
18. Norgaard JP, Van Gool JD, Hjalmas K, Djurhuus JC, Hellstrom AL.
Standardization and definitions in lower urinary tract dysfunction in children. International Children's Continence Society. Br J Urol 1998; 81 Suppl 3: 1-16.
19. Opsomer RJ, Clapuyt P, De Groote P, Van Cangh PJ, Wese FX.
Urodynamic and electrophysiological testing in pediatric neurourology. Acta Urol Belg 1998; 66: 31-34.
Schultz Lampel D, Thuroff JW. Enuresis. Urologe A 1997; 36: W265-274.
Shoukry MS, El Salmy S, Aly GA, Mokhless I.
Urodynamic predictors of upper tract deterioration in children with myelodysplasia. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1998; 32: 94-97.
- 1. Phimosis
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Diagnosis
- 1.3 Treatment
- 1.4 References
- 2.2 Diagnosis
- 2.3 Treatment
- V Therapy
- 3.3 Treatment
- 3.3.1 Complications
- Tube-onlay
- 15. Duckett jw.
- 4.2 Classification
- 4.2.1 Enuresis
- 4.2.2 Urinary incontinence
- 4.3 Diagnosis
- 4.4 Treatment
- 4.4.1 Nocturnal enuresis (mono-symptomatic)
- 4.4.2 Diurnal enuresis (in children with attention disorders)
- 4.4.3 Urinary incontinence
- 4.4 References
- 14. Madersbacher h, Schultz-Lampel d.
- 5.2.2 Voiding cystourethrography (vcug)
- 5.2.3 Diuresis renography
- 5.2.4 Static renal scintigraphy
- 5.2.5 Intravenous urogram (ivu)
- 5.2.6 Whitaker's test
- 5.3 Treatment
- 5.3.2 Megaureter
- 5.3.3 Ureterocele
- 5.3.4 Retrocaval ureter
- 5.3.5 Bilateral hydronephrosis
- 5.4 References
- 6.3 Treatment
- 6.3.1 Asymptomatic bacteriuria
- 6.3.2 Acute uti without pyelonephritis
- 6.3.3 Pyelonephritis
- 6.3.4 Complicated uti
- 6.3.5 Antibiotic prophylaxis
- 6.4 References
- 7.7.1 Secondary reflux
- 7.2 Classification
- 7.3 Diagnosis
- 7.3.1 Secondary reflux
- 7.4 Treatment
- 7.4.1 Conservative therapy
- 7.4.2 Surgical therapy
- 7.4.3 Endoscopic therapy
- 7.4.4 Open surgery
- 7.4.5 Follow-up
- 7.5 References
- 32. McGladdery sl, Aparicio s, Verrier Jones k, Roberts r, Sacks sh.
- 8.2 Diagnosis
- 8.3 Treatment
- 8.3.1 Conservative treatment
- 8.3.2 Metaphylaxis of paediatric nephrolithiasis
- 8.4 References
- 1. Brandle e, Hautmann r.
- 2. Brandle e, Hautmann r.
- 6. Diamond da, Rickwood am, Lee ph, Johnston jh.
- 19. Kovacevic l, Kovacevic s, Smoljanic z, Peco-Antic a, Kostic n, Gajic m, Kovacevic n, Jovanovic o.
- 20. Kroovand rl.
- 24. Minevich e, Rousseau mb, Wacksman j, Lewis ag, Sheldon ca.
- 9.2 Classification
- 9.2.1 Ectopic ureterocele
- 9.2.2 Orthotopic ureterocele
- 9.2.3 Caecoureterocele
- 9.3 Diagnosis
- 9.3.1 Ureterocele
- 9.3.2 Ectopic ureter
- 9.4 Treatment
- 9.4.1 Ureterocele
- 9.4.2 Ectopic ureter
- 10.2 Classification
- VI. Miscellaneous (? Dysgenetic testes ? teratogenic factors)
- 10.3.2 Late diagnosis and management
- 10.4 Treatment
- 10.4.1 Genitoplasty
- 10.4.2 Indications for the removal of gonads
- 10.5 References
- 11.1.4 Video-urodynamic evaluation
- 11.1.5 Urethral pressure profile (sphincterometry)
- 11.1.6 Electromyography (emg) of the external sphincter
- 11.2 References
- 22. Starr nt.
- 23. Wan j, Greenfield s.
- 26. Zermann dh, Lindner h, Huschke t, Schubert j.
- 12 Abbreviations used in the text