11.1.4 Video-urodynamic evaluation

Using a contrast media, video-urodynamic evaluation combines fluoroscopic recording of the bladder filling and emptying with simultaneous urodynamic examination. The necessity of short transillumination periods, par­ticularly during the filling phase of the urine bladder (e.g. to exclude a VRR during involuntary detrusor contraction), depends on the demands of the attending physician. Digital X-ray equipment allows a 75% reduction in radiation exposure compared with conventional techniques. The most important indication for video-urodynamics evaluation is abnormal voiding (i.e. differential diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction versus neuropathic vesico-urethral dysfunction).