Cистема времен английского глагола

INDEFINITE ACTIVE

Past

Present

Future

1)V+ed (правильные глаголы)

2)2ф.V (неправильные глаголы)

-V

-V+s – 3л.ед.ч.

-shall+

V

-will+

1) I published an article

2) I took part in the conference

-I work at the bank

-S/he likes the work

I’ll be at home tomorrow

They’ll take English courses

INDEFINITE PASSIVE: to be+3ф.V

Past

Present

Future

-was+

3ф.V

-were+

-am+

-is+ 3ф.V

-are+

-shall be+

3ф.V

-will be+

-It was made of steel and concrete

-The books were written in 2005

-The article is devoted to the problem of demographic crisis

-The problem will be discussed next time

PERFECT ACTIVE: to have+V+ed/3ф.V

Past

Present

Future

had+

-have+

-has+

-shall

have+

-will

By 2010 I had studied all the material on the problem

I’ve already translated this article

He has already published some articles

By the end of the term you’ll have studied the material

PERFECT PASSIVE: to have been+3ф.V

Past

Present

Future

had been+

-have

been+

-has

-shall

have been+

-will

The problem had been discussed since 1990-s

The problem has already been discussed

The problem will have been discussed by the end of the conference

CONTINUOUS ACTIVE: to be+V-ing

Past

Present

Future

-was+

-were+

-am+

-is+

-are+

-shall

be+

-will

When you called I was working on a computer

I’m working at the problem of fireproof materials

Tomorrow we’ll be working at our new article

CONTINUOUS PASSIVE: to be+being+3ф.V

Past

Present

Future

-was

being+

-were

-am

-is being+

-are

X

The structure was being reconstructed since the last century

The structure is being built by Turkish specialists

X

PERFECT CONTINUOUS: Perfect to be+V-ing

Past

Present

Future

had been+

-have

been+

-has

-shall

have been+

-will

He had been reading this grammar before he passed his exam

I have been reading this grammar material for 20 minutes

By 2008 scientists will have been studying the problem for over 5 years